Object Oriented Basic Concepts

          Object Oriented Basic Concepts

Object-Orientation:

• Its called object orientation because that contain the things related of real word.
• A table is a object,like a cycle,a human being etc all are the objects.
• In every day life, we uses a so many objects,and we work with model.
• For ex. we uses a model to describe a reality.

• The teacher drives own car as well as reads a book.

Basic Concepts of OOP:

• Object
• Classes
• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Inheritances
• Polymorphism
• Dynamic binding
• Messaging

Object:

• It is a basic run time entity.
• It contain data and properties(methods) that can manipulate a information.
• The object is communicate with each other and programming problem analysed.

      Example:

• If FERRARI is a one object that contain following data and properties.

Classes:

• Object contain data and methods.
• The class is contain the entire set of data and methods.
• Objects are variable type class.
• A class is collection of similar types.

Example:      

  Rose, Lotus,Marigolds etc   members of the class Flowers.     

        

       Flower  Rose                             

            will create an object Rose belong to the Fruit Class.

Encapsulation:

• The wrapping data into a one single unit is called Encapsulation. 
• Its most important and striking feature of class.
• The function provide the interface between the objects data and program.This insulation of the data from direct access by the program is called Data hiding.      

Example:

The capsule contain all required elements in under that cover. That are in Fig.

Abstraction:

• Only  represent required and essential features.
• Hides the background details or explanations.
• They encapsulates all essentials properties f an object.     

Example:

The calculator solves son many equations but it no gives no extra details like how  calculates, which formula uses etc.

Inheritance:

• Object of one class can acquire features of another one class.
• That's  mean the objects inherits the properties and methods from another class
• It supports to the re-usability feature of the OOP. Because the new class can easily give a access of their old class.
• As well as the new class allows added their own some features.
• The old class referred as base class and  new class referred as derived class.

Example:

In fig the cub extends the features of Lions.

Polymorphism:

• Ability to take more than one form.
• An operation may exhibits different behaviors in different instances,The behavior depends upon the types of data used in the operation.     
• Polymorphism is extensively used in implementing inheritance.  

      Example:

The boys plays various role in their life.      

•  In shopping center he act as a customer.
• In the bus as a passenger
• In school as a student.
• In home as a son..

Dynamic binding:

• It known as Run time binding or Dynamic binding.
• Binding means link between procedure call and code to be executed.
• At run-time, the code corresponding to the project under current reference will be called or executed.  
• It also called late binding.

            Example:  

Consider the procedure of boy in polymorphism  in above fig. by inheritance , every object will have this procedure. Its algorithm is unique for each object and the perform their task in each class that defines the object.

Message passing:

• Object oriented programming communicate with each other,message passing  is used foe communication between objects.
• It involves following basic steps:     

1.            Creating classes  with data , methods
2.            Creating objects of class
3.             Establishing commutation among them      

•  Object  can be communicated with each other by sending and receiving wit each other.
•   A message means its sends a request to a method to execute a code.
• That's why a method in the receiving object that generates the desired output.   

     Example:

Student is one object that communicated with management as well as teacher. Its shown in fig.